BOTANY- First Year, II -Semester Paper-II; Gymnosperms, Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Ecology

GIRRAJ GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (A), NIZAMABAD

B.Sc., BOTANY

First Year, II -Semester

Paper-II; Gymnosperms, Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Ecology

DSC-1B                                                                                                         Credits-4

                                            Theory Syllabus                                          (60 hours)

UNIT-I                                                                                                                      (15 hours)

1.      Gymnosperms: General characters, structure, reproduction and classification (Sporne’s). Distribution and economic importance of Gymnosperms.

2.       Morphology of vegetative and reproductive parts, systematic position and life cycle of Pinus and Gnetum,

3.      Geological time scale Introduction to Palaeobotany, Types of fossils and fossilization, Importance of fossils.

  UNIT-II                                                                                                           (15 hours)

1.      Introduction: Principles of plant Systematic, Types of classification: Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic; Systems of classification: Salient features and comparative account of Bentham & Hooker and Engler & Prantl classification systems. An introduction to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG).

2.       Current concepts in Angiosperm Taxonomy: Embryology in relation to taxonomy Cytotaxonomy, Chemotaxonomy and Numerical Taxonomy.

3.       Nomenclature and Taxonomic resources: An introduction to ICN, Shenzhen code – a brief account. Herbarium: Concept, techniques and applications.

UNIT-III                                                                                                               (15 hours)

1.      Systematic study and economic importance of plants belonging to the following families: Polypetalae Annonaceae, Capparidaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae (Faboideae/Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae), Cucurbitaceae

2.      Gamopetalae: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Lamiaceae, Monochalmydeae: Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae

3.      Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae, Poaceae and Zingeberaceae.

UNIT-IV                                                                                                                 (15 hours)

1.      Component of eco system, energy flow, food chain and food webs.

2.      Plants and environment, ecological adaptations of plants, Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and   Mesophytes

3.      Plant Succession serial stages, modification of environment, climax formation with reference to Hydrosere and Xerosere.

References:
1.      Watson, E. V. 1974. The structure and life of Bryophytes, B. I. Publications, New Delhi.
2.      Pandey, B. P. 2006. College Botany, Vol. II: Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Paleobotany. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
3.      Sporne, K. R. 1965. Morphology of Gymnosperms. Hutchinson Co., Ltd., London.
4.      Vashishta, P. C., A. K. Sinha and Anil Kumar. 2006. Botany - Pteridophyta (Vascular Cryptogams). . Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
5.       Pandey, B. P. 2001. College Botany, Vol. I: Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Bacteria, Viruses, Plant Pathology, Industrial Microbiology and Bryophyta. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
6.      Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity of Microbes, Cryptogams, Cell Biology and Genetics. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
7.      Thakur, A. K. and S. K. Bassi. 2008. A Textbook of Botany: Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
8.      Vashishta, B. R., A. K. Sinha and Adarsha Kumar. 2008. Botany for Degree Students: Bryophyta. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
9.      Vashishta, P. C., A. K. Sinha and Anil Kumar. 2006. Botany for Degree Students: Gymnosperms. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
10.   Dutta A.C. 2016. Botany for Degree Students. Oxford University Press.
11.  Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity of Seed Plants and their Systematics,   Structure, Development and Reproduction in Flowering Plants. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi 12. Stace, C. A. 1989. Plant Taxonomy and Biostatistics (2nd Ed.). Edward Arnold, London.
12.  Singh, G. 1999. Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
13.  Dutta A.C. 2016. Botany for Degree Students. Oxford University Press.
14.  Davis, P. H. and V. H. Heywood. 1963. Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Oliver and Boyd, London.
15.  Heywood, V. H. 1965 . Plant Taxonomy. ELBS , London.
16.   Heywood, V. H. and D. M. Moore (Eds). 1984. Current Concepts in Plant Taxonomy. Academic Press, London.
17.  Jeffrey, C. 1982. An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. London.
18.   Michael, S. 1996, Ecology, Oxford University Press, London
19.  Odum, E.P. 1983. Basics of Ecology, Saunder’s International Students Edition, Philadelphia.
20.  Sharma P.D. 1989. Elements of Ecology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut
                                          

GIRRAJ GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (A), NIZAMABAD

B.Sc., BOTANY

First Year, II -Semester

Paper-II; Gymnosperms, Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Ecology                                      

                                          Practical Syllabus                                                      (45 hours)

         I.            Study of Morphology (vegetative and reproductive structures) of the following taxa: Gymnosperms - Pinus and Gnetum.

      II.             Study of Anatomical features of Pinus needle and Gnetum stem by preparing double stained permanent mounts.

   III.             Fossil forms using permanent slides / photographs: Cycadeoidea. Systematic study of locally available plants belonging to the families prescribed in theory Syllabus (Minimum of one plant representative for each family)

   IV.             Study of morphological and anatomical characteristics of locally available plant species (Eichhorinia, Hydrilla, Pistia, Nymphaea, Asparagus, Opuntia, Euphorbia melii)

      V.            Demonstration of herbarium techniques.

   VI.            Candidate has to submit at least 30 herbarium sheets.

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GIRRAJ GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (A), NIZAMABAD

B.Sc., BOTANY

First Year, II -Semester

Paper-II; Gymnosperms, Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Ecology

Practical Model Paper

     Time : 3 hrs                                                                                                        Max. Marks: 50

1.  Prepare a mount of the given material ‘A ‘(Hydrophytes /Xerophytes) Draw diagram & give reasons for identification.                                                                                           8M 
2.    Prepare a double stained permanent mount of the given material ‘B ‘( Gymnosperms ) Draw diagram & give reasons for identification.                                                    10M
3.   Identify the given specimens C & D (Gymnosperms /Xerophytes)    2 X 4 =8M
4.   Identify the given slides E &F (Gymnosperms /Xerophytes)               2 X 4 =8
5.    Technical description of the given plant twig ‘ A ‘                                  10M
6.      Herbarium                                                                                                 3M
7.       Record                                                                                                    3M

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 GIRRAJ GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (A), NIZAMABAD

B.Sc., BOTANY

First Year, II -Semester

Paper-II ; Gymnosperms, Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Ecology

Practical Question Bank

     Time : 3 hrs                                                                                                        Max. Marks: 50

I.            Prepare a mount of the given material ‘A ‘(Hydrophytes /Xerophytes) Draw diagram & give reasons for identification.                                                                                                      8M

(Preparation of Slide – 2, Identification – 1, Description – 3, Diagram- 2 )

          Hydrophytes- 

1.      Hydrilla stems

2.      Nymphaea petiole

          Xerophytes-    

3.      Asparagus cladode

4.      Nerium leaf

5.      Casuarina Stem

II.            Prepare a double stain temporary mount of the given material ‘B ‘( Gymnosperms ) Draw diagram & give reasons for identification.                                                                       10M

(Slide Preparation – 3, Identification – 1, Classification – 1, Description – 3, Diagram – 2)

6.      Pinus needle

7.      Gnetum stem

III.            Identify the given specimens C & D (Gymnosperms /Xerophytes)                           2 X 4 =8M

 Gymnosperms

1.       Pinus male cone

2.      Pinus female cone

3.      Gnetum twig

4.      Gnetum male cone

5.      Gnetum female cone

 Xerophytes-

1.      Asparagus,

2.      Opuntia,

3.      Euphorbia melii

4.      Casuarina

IV.            Identify the given slides E & F (Gymnosperms /Xerophytes)                              2 X 4 =8M

       Gymnosperms

       1.   Cycadeoidea (Fossil Slide)
2.      Pinus male cone V.S.
3.      Pinus pollen grains
4.      Pinus female cone V.S.
5.      Pinus ovule V.S.
6.      Gnetum male cone V.S.
7.      Gnetum female cone V.S.
8.      Gnetum ovule V.S.

Xerophytes-   
1.      Asparagus cladode T.S
2.      Nerium leaf T.S.
3.      Casuarina Stem T.S  

V.            Technical description of the given plant twig ‘ A ‘                                                  10M

(Description – 4, Diagram – 2, Floral Formula – 1, Floral Diagram – 1, Classification – 1, Identifying characters – 1 )

      1.   Annonaceae
2.      Capparidaceae
3.      Rutaceae
4.      Faboideae /papilionoideae
5.      Caesalpinioideae
6.      Mimosoideae
7.      Cucurbitaceae 
8.      Apiaceae
9.      Asteraceae
10.  Asclepiadaceae
11.  Lamiaceae 
12.  Amaranthaceae
13.  Euphorbiaceae
14.  Orchidaceae
15.  Poaceae.        

                                                               

VI.            Herbarium                                                                                                            3M

VII.            Record                                                                                                                 3M